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Volume
14, No. 1, June
201
5
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Retail Developments in
Poland, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine:
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A Comparative Analysis
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Lalita A. Manrai
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Department of Business
Administration, University of Delaware, U
.
S
.
A
.
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Ajay K. Manrai
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Department of Business
Administration, University of Delaware, U
.
S
.
A
.
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Dana
-
Nicoleta
Lascu
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Marketing Department
,
University of Richmond,
U
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S
.
A.
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David Dickerson
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Bang College of
Business,
KIMEP University,
Kazakhstan
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Abstract
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We apply the “Three
Speed” model (Lynn, 1993) to compare retail industry
developments in the context of three countries—a
non-Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) country
(Poland), a former CIS country that terminated its
relationship with CIS in 2014 although it was one of
the founding members (Ukraine), and a current CIS
country (Kazakhstan). Poland is considered to be the
lead country, Ukraine is considered to be the lag
country, and Kazakhstan is considered to fall in
between Poland and Ukraine in terms of retail
developments. We propose an “Environmental Theory,”
and in particular an “Adjustment Theory,” suggesting
that the retail development is a function of various
environmental influences and a country’s capability to
adopt the changes resulting from the environmental
dynamics. We provide a comparative discussion of the
environment in the three countries and favorable as
well as unfavorable factors for the development of
retail trade. Retail developments are compared using
both qualitative and quantitative indicators, which
support our conceptualization that the “Three Speed”
model has relevance for comparison of retail
development in these three countries.
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Key words
:
“
T
hree Speed” model
;
e
nvironmental
i
nfluences
;
a
djustment
t
heory
;
r
etail
d
evelopment
;
Poland
;
Kazakhstan
;
Ukraine
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JEL classification
:
M00
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